Abstract

Advancements in genomics and molecular biology have significantly expanded our understanding of genetic information, extending far beyond the classical double helix structure of DNA. This review delves into the intricate networks of DNA and RNA, exploring the complex interactions, regulatory mechanisms, and functional roles that shape cellular processes. We examine the dynamic architecture of chromatin, the influence of transcription factors, and the critical roles of non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in gene regulation. The review also discusses the implications of these molecular interactions for cellular homeostasis, development, and disease, offering insights into potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review aims to provide a deeper appreciation of the molecular choreography underlying cellular function and to inspire further exploration in the fields of genetics and molecular medicine.

Key words: DNA, RNA, Chromatin architecture, Non-coding RNAs, Genetic networks, Epigenetics, transcriptional regulation