Abstract

This study examines the enzymatic profiles, biochemical characteristics, morphological traits, and molecular identification of ten Streptomyces isolates from soil samples in Kogi State, Nigeria, with an emphasis on their potential in biodegradation and environmental biotechnology. Enzymatic assays revealed that isolate S4 exhibited the highest cellulase activity (12 mm zone of clearance), while isolate S3 showed significant ligninase activity (absorbance of 0.85 at 530nm). Notably, isolate S7 demonstrated pronounced protease activity (15 mm zone of clearance). Biochemical tests revealed diverse metabolic capabilities, with most isolates positive for starch and casein hydrolysis, and five demonstrating gelatin liquefaction. Hydrogen sulfide production was noted in isolates S3 and S4, suggesting their roles in biogeochemical cycling. Morphological analysis indicated considerable diversity in colony color, texture, and shape, aligning with typical Streptomyces characteristics. Molecular identification through 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed high similarity (>99%) to known species such as Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces griseus. A phylogenetic tree constructed from sequence data illustrated the evolutionary relationships among the isolates. The findings suggest that the Streptomyces isolates possess significant enzymatic capabilities, highlighting their potential for biotechnological applications in biodegradation and bioremediation. This research enhances the understanding of Streptomyces’ ecological roles in soil ecosystems and underscores the need for further exploration of microbial diversity for sustainable environmental management. Future studies should investigate the specific mechanisms underlying the enzymatic activities of these isolates and their practical applications and into optimizing enzyme production and exploring genetic pathways could enhance the practical applications of these isolates, bridging the gap between laboratory findings and real-world implementation.

Key words: Streptomyces, Enzymatic profiles, Biodegradation, Environmental applications